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By Vivek Saini
In response to a plea highlighting the severe pollution and unauthorized constructions that threaten the ecological balance of the river Ganga, the Supreme Court of India has expressed profound concern over the rampant encroachment and plastic dumping on the banks of this vital waterway.
Court’s Directive
On August 7, 2024, the Supreme Court instructed the central and Bihar state governments to take stringent measures against these activities. The court has given both governments four weeks to submit detailed affidavits outlining the steps they have taken to address these issues. The court emphasized that without strict measures and concerted efforts, the cleanup of the Ganga would remain an “illusory exercise”.
Environmental Impact
The court’s order came during the hearing of a petition by Ashok Kumar Sinha, who raised concerns about illegal constructions and pollution in Patna. The plea underscored that over 520 acres of ecologically sensitive Ganga floodplains have been encroached upon, severely affecting aquatic life and water quality. The indiscriminate dumping of plastic waste in these areas exacerbates the environmental degradation.
Justice Hrishikesh Roy and Justice S.V.N. Bhatti, who presided over the case, noted the widespread use of plastic in areas intended to be free from such pollutants. They highlighted the dire consequences of plastic pollution on aquatic ecosystems, stressing the need for immediate and effective action.
Government Response
The Bihar government reported that it has identified 213 unauthorized constructions along the Ganga in Patna and initiated steps to remove them. However, the Supreme Court has demanded a more detailed and comprehensive plan to ensure that all illegal activities are halted and the riverbanks are restored to their natural state.
In addition to targeting encroachments, the court also directed the central government to implement nationwide measures to prevent plastic dumping in all major rivers and water bodies. This directive is part of a broader strategy to combat water pollution and protect India’s natural resources.
Previous Efforts and Challenges
Past efforts to clean the Ganga have seen mixed results. While there have been some improvements in wastewater treatment infrastructure and awareness campaigns, the sheer scale of pollution has made it a daunting task. Industrial effluents and untreated sewage continue to flow into the river, negating the progress made. The challenge is further compounded by illegal encroachments that narrow the river’s flow and increase the risk of flooding during monsoon seasons.
Legal and Environmental Framework
Advocate Akash Vashishtha, representing the petitioner, argued that the ongoing pollution and encroachment are violations of the Environment Protection Act, 1986, and the River Ganga (Rejuvenation, Protection, and Management) Authorities Order, 2016. He called for stringent enforcement of existing laws to safeguard the river’s health and biodiversity.
The Supreme Court’s stern directive underscores the critical need to protect the Ganga from further environmental degradation. By holding the central and state governments accountable and demanding concrete actions, the court aims to ensure that the Ganga remains a vital and clean water source for future generations.
References:
Supreme Court Expresses Concern about Plastic Pollution in Rivers
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