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Odisha’s coastline and inland water bodies are emerging as a stronghold for marine biodiversity, with the latest dolphin census recording 765 dolphins across six species. The findings mark the highest population estimate in the past five years, signalling cautious optimism for conservationists working to protect marine mammals along India’s eastern coast.
The state-wide dolphin enumeration was conducted on 20 January 2026 by the Wildlife Wing of Odisha’s Forest, Environment, and Climate Change Department. The exercise covered coastal waters, estuaries, river mouths, and lagoons, reflecting a comprehensive approach to marine wildlife monitoring. Compared to the previous year’s count of 710 dolphins, the new figure represents an increase of 55 individuals, suggesting that sustained conservation efforts may be yielding results.
Diversity of Dolphin Species
The census identified six species of dolphins and porpoises, highlighting Odisha’s ecological richness. Humpback dolphins dominated the count, with 497 individuals, making them the most widely distributed species along the coast. The Irrawaddy dolphin, listed as endangered globally, was the second most numerous species, with 208 individuals recorded.
In addition, the survey documented 55 bottlenose dolphins, along with small numbers of spinner dolphins and finless porpoises. Though these latter species were observed in limited numbers, their presence underscores the importance of Odisha’s waters as a diverse marine habitat that supports both coastal and estuarine species.
Chilika Lake: A Global Stronghold
Chilika Lake, Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon, continues to play a critical role in dolphin conservation. The census recorded 159 Irrawaddy dolphins within the lake, a figure that remains stable compared to previous years. While the population has not shown significant growth, experts point out that Chilika still hosts the largest known single-habitat population of Irrawaddy dolphins anywhere in the world.
The lack of population increase is attributed to several persistent challenges, including habitat stress from aquaculture structures, fishing activities using harmful nets, and the naturally slow reproductive rate of the species. Despite these pressures, Chilika remains a vital refuge due to long-standing monitoring programmes and regulated human activity.
Gahirmatha Emerges as a Dolphin Hotspot
Another key area highlighted in the census is the Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary in Kendrapara district. The sanctuary recorded 474 humpback dolphins, making it the most significant concentration of this species in the state. The high numbers reinforce the sanctuary’s ecological importance and demonstrate the positive impact of habitat protection measures in marine protected areas.
The strong presence of dolphins in Gahirmatha also complements the region’s global reputation for marine conservation, particularly its role in protecting olive ridley sea turtles.
Conservation Efforts Behind the Numbers
Officials and experts attribute the improved dolphin count to consistent conservation policies, improved monitoring techniques, and greater involvement of local communities. The annual dolphin census, which began in Chilika Lake in 2008 and expanded to the entire coastline by 2015, has evolved into a well-coordinated scientific exercise.
The survey is conducted using boat-based and shore-based observation methods, with trained personnel identifying species based on physical features and movement patterns. Forest officials note that regular data collection helps in understanding population trends, habitat use, and emerging threats, enabling better management decisions.
Challenges and the Road Ahead
While the increase in dolphin numbers is encouraging, conservationists caution against complacency. Coastal development, unsustainable fishing practices, water pollution, and climate-related changes continue to pose serious risks to marine mammals. Protecting dolphins will require stricter enforcement of fishing regulations, habitat restoration efforts, and continued engagement with fishing communities.
Odisha’s dolphin census stands out as a model for marine wildlife monitoring in India. By combining scientific rigor with long-term commitment, the state has demonstrated that protecting marine ecosystems is not only possible but essential for preserving biodiversity along India’s vulnerable coastlines.
References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479723025859
https://www.ifaw.org/international/journal/impact-climate-change-dolphins
Banner Image: Photo on Pexels by Magda Ehlers https://www.pexels.com/photo/black-dolphin-on-water-11335849/
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