Elections in India: How much priority have Political Parties given to Climate change and environment in agendas?

By Aayushi Sharma

Over the span of two decades, the Lok Sabha election manifestos of India’s two major national parties- BJP and Congress, have evolved from mere lines to comprehensive pages, reflecting a heightened focus on climate change and environmental deterioration. Although policy experts acknowledge this increased attention, they critique many promises as merely symbolic, pointing to the contradictory approaches governments have taken in areas such as forest and wildlife conservation.

Election Manifesto of the Two Giants

Election manifestos serve as a reflection of a party’s political stance and are frequently the subject of discussion, debate, and comparison during electoral campaigns. Covering topics from international affairs to employment, healthcare, and education, they encompass a wide array of issues, aiding voters in making informed decisions.

In its 69-page election manifesto released last Saturday, the BJP has allocated three pages to address environmental and climate concerns under the section titled “Modi Ki Guarantee for Sustainable Bharat”. This marks a significant departure from the 1999 Lok Sabha elections when the party’s manifesto contained merely a paragraph on “environment”.

In its 46-page 2024 election manifesto, the Congress dedicates two pages to address environmental, climate, disaster management, and water and sanitation-related issues. This demonstrates a notable shift from previous approaches, emphasizing a comprehensive stance on these crucial matters.

What are the prime focus areas of manifestos related to the environment?

The BJP’s manifesto outlines significant commitments, aiming to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070 and transition towards non-fossil fuel energy sources. It prioritizes initiatives to enhance river health, meet national air quality standards in 60 cities, expand tree cover, and bolster disaster resilience. These pledges reflect a concerted effort towards sustainable development and environmental stewardship. 

Meanwhile, Congress proposes the establishment of a fund dedicated to facilitating a green transition and achieving the net-zero emissions objective. This demonstrates a proactive approach to addressing climate change and underscores the party’s commitment to advancing environmentally sustainable policies. Both parties’ proposals signal a growing recognition of the urgency to mitigate climate change and prioritize environmental conservation in India’s national agenda.

Other Highlights:

BJP ensures that it will continue the promotion of renewable energy sources. It highlighted its current achievement of 44% electricity generation from non-fossil fuel sources. The Congress party proposes the establishment of an independent Environment Protection and Climate Change Authority. This body would be tasked with setting, monitoring, and enforcing environmental standards, as well as overseeing the implementation of both National and State Climate Change plans.

Both Parties have proposed plans for their efforts to reduce human-wildlife conflicts. They also share the objective of safeguarding the coastal areas of the country while ensuring the preservation of livelihoods for fishing communities. They aim to implement measures that protect coastal areas from environmental degradation and other threats without adversely affecting the traditional livelihoods dependent on fishing. 

References:

https://manifesto.inc.in

https://www.bjp.org/bjp-manifesto-2024

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